Where a misdirection on s 8 of the Criminal Code (Qld) deprives a jury of the option of convicting of manslaughter, the conviction for murder may nonetheless be upheld under the proviso if the evidence inevitably establishes liability as an aider under s 7(1)(b) or (c). The proposition that conviction of a greater offence always answers a complaint about failure to direct on a lesser offence is not a universal rule. Knowledge of the principal offender's intention to inflict grievous bodily harm, inferred from the accused's own admissions, can be sufficient to establish aiding in murder.
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