Under s 271(2) of the Criminal Code (Qld), the conditions in s 271(1) are not cumulative upon those in s 271(2). The accused's actual belief on reasonable grounds that the force used was necessary to preserve the person defended is the definitive circumstance, and there is no additional objective necessity requirement. Jury directions must clearly convey this subjective element. Statements in R v Allwood suggesting otherwise should not be followed.
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