Where co-offenders are sentenced by different judges who make disparate findings of fact, the appellate court cannot determine which findings should be accepted, which complicates parity arguments. An age difference of two years and seven months between co-offenders (one 16, the other 18) is 'large and significant' and not marginal, justifying substantially different sentences. Assistance to authorities that amounts to no more than a full working out of a guilty plea and contrition, without assisting in other criminal matters, does not attract the maximum discounts referred to in R v Cartwright.
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