The case confirms that identification directions must include a warning of the special need for caution, an explanation of the reasons for that caution, and an application of the warning to the facts, but that a summing up must be assessed as a whole and not by reference to isolated passages. A non-identification from a video procedure does not amount to a positive exclusion of the accused. The tender of selected photographs of a victim's wounds in a murder trial should be regarded as a step in the course of a trial in which violent death is patent for all, and a degree of robustness must be extended.
The full text is available to signed-in members, including the 18 later cases that cite this judgment.
4 of the 18 citing cases carry a classified treatment. How each court treated it is available to signed-in members.