A Longman warning is not required in every sexual offence case where the jury is invited to convict on the uncorroborated evidence of the complainant; particular circumstances making the direction necessary to avoid a perceptible risk of miscarriage of justice must exist. Cross-examination of an accused suggesting he is lying to avoid conviction is permissible provided it does not suggest the accused's motive to lie is greater than that of any other witness. A trial judge may put the case to the jury on an 'all or nothing' basis where that is the way the case has been fought by both sides.
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