When imposing a fine, the court should first determine whether a fine is the appropriate sentencing option, then assess the quantum by reference to five factors: nature and prevalence of the offence, community disapproval, deterrence, antecedents, and (for economic crimes) the need to ensure the fine is not merely a cost of doing business. Capacity to pay may reduce the fine below the normally appropriate level, but this is not mitigation — it ensures fair application of general principles. The 'maximum for worst cases' principle has limited applicability to fines for indictable offences triable summarily because the worst cases may proceed on indictment.
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