A 'dangerous witness' direction is not a sufficient substitute for an accomplice warning where the witness is particeps criminis in the offence charged; the accomplice warning focuses on the unsafety of convicting on uncorroborated testimony, whereas the dangerous witness direction focuses only on the witness's potential unreliability. An accused's election not to give evidence cannot be used by an appellate court as a makeweight to treat as safe verdicts that are not supported by evidence of sufficient cogency.
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