Evidence of uncharged criminal acts may be admitted for non-propensity purposes (such as proving the nature of a relationship, knowledge, or motive) independently of the Pfennig exclusionary principle. Trial judges should specifically explain to juries both the permitted and non-permitted uses of such evidence, rather than relying on a general warning against reasoning from 'a general disposition to commit crime'. The failure to give a full accomplice warning does not necessarily result in a miscarriage of justice where the accomplice's evidence is predominantly exculpatory and there is substantial corroborative evidence.
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