Where a party fails to cross-examine a witness on a matter and fails to raise the issue until after evidence has closed, in breach of the rule in Browne v Dunn, an appellate court may accept the uncontradicted evidence and make findings accordingly rather than ordering a retrial, particularly where the defaulting party had the opportunity to cross-examine and declined it. The three available appellate remedies for breach of the rule are: (1) ordering a retrial; (2) reconsidering the evidence taking the breach into account; or (3) disregarding the submission based on evidence not tested by cross-examination.
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