Where expert medical evidence given in cross-examination is damaging to the opposing party's case and was not foreshadowed in the expert's reports, the rule in Browne v Dunn requires that evidence to be put to the opposing party in cross-examination before the trial judge can rely on it. A trial judge who rejects a plaintiff's evidence of ongoing symptoms and disability in a personal injury case must give adequate reasons explaining why that evidence and the supporting medical evidence were rejected, failing which the party has a justifiable sense of grievance amounting to a miscarriage of justice.
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