In a judge-alone criminal trial, where the trial judge's preference for one witness over another rests substantially on the impression made by the witnesses when giving evidence, no detailed explanation for that preference is required. A Longman warning in a judge-alone trial need not replicate the form of a jury direction; a general reference to treating evidence with special care because of delay may suffice depending on the circumstances. Trial judges are not required to address every argument advanced by defence counsel in their reasons.
The full text is available to signed-in members, including the 11 later cases that cite this judgment.
2 of the 11 citing cases carry a classified treatment. How each court treated it is available to signed-in members.