Where a sentencing judge finds special circumstances but does not materially vary the statutory ratio between head sentence and non-parole period, reasons must be given for that approach. The injury, emotional harm or damage under s 21A(2)(g) must be assessed by reference to what actually occurred, not what might have occurred, and must exceed what is necessary to establish the offence element. The use of a glass in an assault should not be equated in seriousness with the use of a knife or revolver for the purpose of assessing objective seriousness under s 33.
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