The 'normal rule' that a party seeking the indulgence of amending its pleading must pay the costs of the application is only one of several guides to the appropriate costs order; where a contested application is unnecessary because a party acting reasonably would have consented, the opposing party will not obtain its costs merely because the application is for an indulgence. A conspiracy may arguably be directed at every member of an ascertainable group or class, provided the class is sufficiently defined and its membership ascertainable at any particular date.
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