Joint criminal enterprise liability for murder does not require the accused's presence at the time of the fatal acts; it suffices that the accused was a party to the agreement and participated in the enterprise. For counselling and procuring murder, the accused need not know or believe that death will result — knowledge that the principal will act with intent to cause really serious injury is sufficient. The words 'aids, abets, counsels or procures' convey a single composite concept, and it is unnecessary to prove that the counselling or procuring in fact caused or encouraged the principal's conduct. The Crown's acceptance of pleas to lesser offences from principals does not constitute an abuse of process precluding a murder charge against the counsellor/procurer.
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