An appellant's failure to attend the trial below, resulting in judgment in the appellant's absence, constitutes a special circumstance warranting an order for security for costs of the appeal. Where a cost estimate for security is not broken down into components, the court may substantially reduce the amount ordered. A stay of execution may be granted where the appeal would be rendered futile, there are reasonably arguable grounds, and the respondent's interests are protected by security, undertakings, and directions under s 135 of the Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW).
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