Impecuniosity combined with failure to appear at the hearing below, weak appeal grounds, failure to produce financial documents, absence of evidence of stultification, pursuit of redundant proceedings, and risk of non-recovery of costs constitutes special circumstances for security for costs under UCPR r 51.50. An appellant who has resided in the United States for over 18 months, is retired, supported by a partner there, holds a state driver's licence with residency requirements, and has no place of residence, assets or intention to return to Australia is ordinarily resident outside Australia for the purposes of UCPR r 42.21(1)(a).
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