Section 112(1) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 gives rise to a jurisdictional fact, meaning a court can determine for itself on all available evidence (including expert evidence) whether an activity is likely to significantly affect the environment. This resolves the ambiguity left by the Court of Appeal's obiter in Timbarra and the assumption in Parks and Playgrounds. The ESG2 Guidelines are not guidelines for the purposes of cl 228 of the Regulations and cannot operate as a binding determination of significance under s 112. 'Likely' means 'a real chance or possibility' and 'significantly' means 'important, notable, weighty or more than ordinary'.
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