In family company disputes, exclusion from management, deprivation of information, and failure to hold meetings can constitute oppression under s 232 even where the minority shareholder's own conduct contributed to the breakdown in relations. The majority must respect the rights of the minority regardless of how difficult or trying the minority's conduct may be. Payments by directors to themselves from company funds that are not authorised by any resolution or informal agreement of directors constitute breaches of ss 180(1) and 181(1). Principles of knowing receipt and knowing assistance do not apply to breaches of statutory directors' duties under ss 180 and 181.
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