Where an accused has given sworn evidence of specific reasons for lying, a trial judge is not required to give a generic warning about alternative exculpatory reasons for the Edwards lies. The Edwards direction should be tailored to the facts and circumstances of the case, including the accused's own evidence. An erroneous direction requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt of each Edwards component (where the lies are not the only evidence or an indispensable link) may compensate for other deficiencies in the direction.
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