Where a sentencing judge has expressly considered an offender's youth and deprived background but imposed a stern sentence, an appeal based on manifest excess will fail unless the aggregate sentence is unreasonable or plainly unjust — a challenge to the weight given to those factors is insufficient. A sentencing judge imposing an aggregate sentence is not required to explain how accumulation and concurrence were resolved. The concept of 'institutionalisation' remains doctrinally uncertain in its meaning and consequences for sentencing.
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