The case confirms the application of the unreasonable verdict test from SKA v The Queen and Filippou v The Queen to judge alone trials where the outcome turns on the trial judge's assessment of complainant credibility. Where a trial judge gives a Murray direction and scrutinises complainant evidence with care, an appellate court conducting an independent assessment will not disturb the verdict unless left with reasonable doubt. Grounds of appeal based on matters not objected to at trial face the stringent requirements of r 4 of the Criminal Appeal Rules as restated in Papakosmas v The Queen.
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