A sentencing judge who acknowledges an offender's deprived background and reduced moral culpability under Bugmy does not err by also giving weight to specific and general deterrence, as the deprived background is one of a number of competing sentencing considerations. Sentencing comparisons for s 66A(1) offences committed before the 2015 increase in maximum penalty to life imprisonment are of limited utility for offences committed after the amendment. The Bugmy principles do not require a causal nexus between the dysfunctional background and the offending behaviour.
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