A prosecutor's closing address that invites the jury to convict on a factual scenario not foreshadowed in the prosecution opening, not put to the accused in cross-examination, and not supported by the evidence constitutes a substantial miscarriage of justice on three independent grounds. Where the prosecution case on murderous intent depends almost entirely on expert evidence as to the number of applications of force causing death, and the expert cannot exclude the possibility that one single application of force was sufficient, the evidence does not permit a rational inference of intent to kill or cause really serious injury beyond reasonable doubt.
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