Where an offender's substance abuse is not truly voluntary but ingrained from early childhood through parental substance abuse and domestic violence, moral culpability is somewhat reduced. A young adult offender with a background of severe disadvantage should not be judged by the same standards as young adult offenders whose upbringing enabled them to make informed choices, and rehabilitation may be a dominant sentencing purpose warranting a non-parole period of less than 50% of the head sentence. Failed rehabilitation attempts do not negate motivation to rehabilitate where substance abuse is a chronic relapsing condition.
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