A complete translation of every word of evidence is not required where an accused with some command of English understands a substantial part of the evidence and those parts not understood are noted and interpreted. The totality principle requires the sentencing judge to take into account an existing sentence so that the total period in custody adequately and fairly represents the total criminality, but where the existing sentence and the sentence being imposed are for offences of different nature committed at different times, any moderation under the totality principle is less than would be required for like offending at about the same time. The authorities remain unsettled on whether the sentencing judge is required or permitted to determine what the hypothetical sentence would have been had all offending been sentenced at one time.
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