Professional associations and friendships between judges and barristers, including past membership of the same chambers, directorships in professional bodies, and collegial interactions, do not of themselves give rise to an apprehension of bias or require disclosure. A logical connection between the association and the risk of departure from impartial decision-making must be articulated. A litigant's continuation of proceedings while refusing to comply with a statutory obligation to submit to medical examination constitutes an abuse of process justifying a permanent stay.
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