Where an offender has both childhood deprivation engaging Bugmy principles and separate psychiatric conditions (such as PTSD from institutional abuse), sentencing courts must treat these as distinct mitigating factors and not elide them. Where the effects arise from different circumstances, there may be a compounding effect. Conversely, where the psychiatric condition was caused by the same deprivation, double counting must be avoided. Sentencing submissions should clearly differentiate the two categories of disadvantage.
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