A finding that an offender's moral culpability is reduced under Bugmy principles does not eliminate the need to give weight to specific deterrence, denunciation and protection of the community. When accumulating a sentence upon an existing sentence for unrelated offences against a different victim, the sentencing judge must step back and consider whether the total effective sentence is a just and appropriate measure of the total criminality. JIRS statistics have limited utility and a sentencing judge must explain how they were used. Simpson AJA's separate reasons clarify that the relevant causal connection under Bugmy is between the dysfunctional background and the offender's impaired socialisation, not between the background and the specific offence.
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