The Bugmy principles concerning childhood deprivation operate in two ways: a general reduction in moral culpability for offenders whose formative years were marred by deprivation, and a more specific reduction where the offending can be explained by the childhood trauma. The specific application does not extend to commercial offending such as firearms and drug trafficking, which is not analogous to a violent reaction by a person scarred by violence in youth. A sentencing judge who takes deprivation into account in the general way without applying the specific principle does not err where the offending is commercial in nature.
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