Bugmy considerations (deprived background) and Verdins considerations (mental illness) may be inextricably related where the offender's traumatic upbringing directly caused the mental illness that contributed to the offending. An offender need not demonstrate a complete lack of awareness of the wrongfulness of their conduct for a finding of reduced moral culpability; such a complete lack of awareness would instead ground a defence of not guilty by reason of mental impairment. The definition of 'victim' in s 47 of the Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) is broad enough to encompass a person whose signature was effectively forged in the commission of a fraud offence, where that person has suffered emotional harm.
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