A trial judge is not required to put to the jury the arguments of counsel; the obligation is to put fairly before the jury the case which the accused makes. For aiding liability under s 7(c) of the Criminal Code (WA), the Crown need not prove that the principal offender was actually encouraged or assisted in the sense that the crime was facilitated by the aid; it suffices that there was deliberate positive involvement when the offence occurred. An Edwards direction on lies is not required where the Crown does not seek to rely on the falsity of the accused's account as independent evidence of guilt.
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