Self-defence under s 272(1) of the Criminal Code must be left to the jury where the inference of reasonable apprehension is available on the evidence, even where the trial judge considers the defence weak or tenuous, and even where accident under s 23 is also raised. In joint trials under s 7(1), directions must clearly identify the specific state of mind (knowledge and intention) the prosecution must prove for each accused separately. An Edwards direction should not be given where the prosecution relies on alleged lies only as going to credit and not as evidence of consciousness of guilt, particularly where the truth involves discreditable conduct other than the offence charged.
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