The ground of manifest excess requires demonstration that the sentence was wholly outside the range of sentencing options available, and this requires identification of comparable cases reflecting current sentencing practices for the relevant category of seriousness, not reliance on aggregate statistics. Where leave to appeal against conviction has been refused by a single judge with careful reasons, the renewed application should ordinarily demonstrate error in that reasoning. A sentence of approximately five years' imprisonment for a violent rape involving forced entry, physical restraint including a choking hold, and digital penetration is within the available range.
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