A Longman warning must convey with the full weight of judicial authority that it would be dangerous to convict on the uncorroborated evidence of the complainant, and must not be diluted by being presented as merely a direction to scrutinise the evidence with care. Referring to the extreme youth of a complainant at the time of alleged offences, when coupled with long delay, does not contravene the prohibition in s 23(2A) of the Evidence Act 1958 (Vic) on suggesting children are an unreliable class of witness. A Kilby warning — that delay in complaining may cast doubt on the reliability of the complainant's evidence — must be given in addition to the Longman warning where there has been long delay in complaint.
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