A statutory planning body with extensive functions including the power to participate as owner in land development is held to a lower standard of impartiality equivalent to that in Jia Legeng, not the standard applicable to judicial officers. Participation in a development agreement that is conditional on obtaining planning approvals and that expressly preserves the body's statutory discretions does not give rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias. The Commission's decision as to modifications to a scheme amendment under s 33(2) is amenable to certiorari because the Governor must consider the amendment as modified. The standing of incorporated associations to bring public interest challenges remains doctrinally uncertain.
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