Where a single judge of the Court of Appeal has refused leave to appeal against sentence with written reasons, a renewal application requires identification of some quite significant matter the leave judge misunderstood or overlooked. Complaints of manifest excess, totality and parity, where no specific error is alleged, converge into a single question of whether the sentence was reasonably open. The Court signalled that current sentencing for armed robbery may be inadequate and invited a Director's appeal to set proper standards.
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