Where an act constitutes both an element of one offence and an aggravating circumstance of another, the sentencing judge may have regard to it as aggravating the other offence provided double punishment is avoided, which may be demonstrated by modest cumulation. A co-offender's conduct forming part of the general milieu of offending may be treated as context for sentencing even if not directly attributable to the appellant, though any error in this regard will not avail the appellant if the sentence is otherwise within range.
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